???????

Apples, with skin (edible parts)
??? g (?.? oz) ???? ???????? ????????????
????????	??? kJ (?? kcal)
???????????????	13.81 g
?????	10.39
Dietary fiber	2.4 g
???????	0.17 g
?????????	0.26 g
???????????
??????? ?? beta-carotene lutein zeaxanthin	(0%) 3 μg (0%)27 μg 29 μg
Thiamine (B1)	(1%) 0.017 mg
Riboflavin (B2)	(2%) 0.026 mg
Niacin (B3)	(1%) 0.091 mg
Pantothenic acid (B5)	(1%) 0.061 mg
??????? ??6	(3%) 0.041 mg
Folate (B9)	(1%) 3 μg
??????? ??	(6%) 4.6 mg
??????? ???	(1%) 0.18 mg
??????? ??	(2%) 2.2 μg
?????????????
?????????	(1%) 6 mg
??????	(1%) 0.12 mg
???????????	(1%) 5 mg
????????	(2%) 0.035 mg
?????????	(2%) 11 mg
???????????	(2%) 107 mg
????????	(0%) 1 mg
????	(0%) 0.04 mg
?????????????????
??	85.56 g
Fluoride	3.3 μg
	Link to Full Nutrient Report of USDA Database entry
	?????????; μg = ????????????? ? mg = ????????; IU = ?????????? ?????;
	Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.

???????
	????
	??????????
?????????????????????
????:	Plantae
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
????????:	Rosales
?????????:	Rosaceae
????????????:	Malinae
???????:	Malus
?????????:	M. pumila
??????
	Malus pumila; Miller, 1768
Synonyms
	Malus communis Desf.; Malus domestica Borkh. nom. illeg.; M. frutescens Medik.; M. paradisiaca (L.) Medikus; M. sylvestris Mil.; Pyrus malus L.; Pyrus malus var. paradisiaca L.; Pyrus dioica Moench;

百度评测结果：如图可见，三款唇釉的滋润度都非常好，记录下的唇印基本没有明显唇纹，说明YSL全新唇釉结合了唇膏、唇彩、唇蜜的有点，既滋润又显色。

??????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? (Malus pumila ) ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????????????????? ???????? ????????????? genus Malus ? ????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? Malus sieversii ??????? ??????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????? ????????????????????? ????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????????????? ????????? ???????? Norse ???????????? ?????????????

????????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????

???? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????????????? ???????? ??.? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????????? ??.? ????????????? ???????^[?]

??????????????? ?????????????

????????????? ?????? ? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????????????????????????? ?? ?? ??? ???????????? ??????????????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????????^[?]

????????????????????????

????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???? ???? ????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????^[?]^[?]^[?]

???????????????

????????????????? ????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????????????^[?]

??????????????

?????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????????????????????? (???? - Granny Smith and Fuji) ??? ???????? ???????????????????????? ????????? ?????????????????^[?]^[??]

?????????????

Apple production – 2017
Country	(millions of tonnes)
?????	41.4
??????????	14.2
????????	5.2
?????	3.0
??????	2.4
???????	2.3
?????	2.1
World	83.1
Source: FAOSTAT of the United Nations^[?]

???? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????????????? ???????? ??.? ???? ????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? European Union ??? ???????????????????????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????????????????? ? ????????????? (?????????) ????????? ???????????????^[?]

?????

????????????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????^[??]

?????????? ????????????

?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????^[??]

???????????????????????

????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????^[??]

??????????

??????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????????? ?????????????^[??]

??????

??????????? ?????????????
????????????????? ??????????? Kota Batu, Indonesia
An apple core, part of an apple not usually eaten, containing the seeds
????????????????? ????? ??????????? ????????? (Malus pumila)
Different kinds of apple cultivars in a wholesale food market
?????????????? ????????????????????

???????

↑ Dickson? Elizabeth E. (2014)? "Malus pumila"? in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.)? Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)? 9? New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA ???????? |mode=CS1 (??????)
↑ Wendy L. Applequist (2014)? "Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 66: (1933). To conserve Malus domestica Borkh. against M. pumila Miller, M. communis Desf., M. frutescens Medik., and Pyrus dioica Moench (Rosaceae). Proposed by G.-Z. Qian, L.-F. Liu & G.-G. Tang in Taxon 59(2): 650–652. 2010. Votes: 6–11–1 (not recommended)"? Taxon? 63 (6): 1358–1371? doi:10.12705/636.20
↑ ^?.? ^?.? ^?.? Apple production in 2017; Crops/World Regions/Production Quantity? FAOSTAT, UN Food & Agriculture Organization, Statistics Division (2017)? 15 January 2019 ???? ????????????
↑ Types and names of Apple Trees, Species of the Malus Genus? Treenames.net? 25 August 2014 ???? ????????????
↑ Elzebroek? A.T.G.; Wind, K. (2008)? Guide to Cultivated Plants? Wallingford: CAB International? p. 27? ISBN 978-1-84593-356-2?
↑ Apple – Malus domestica? Natural England? 12 May 2008 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 22 January 2008 ???? ????????????
↑ National Fruit Collection? 15 June 2012 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2 December 2012 ???? ????????????
↑ Ranney? Thomas G.? "Polyploidy: From Evolution to Landscape Plant Improvement"? Proceedings of the 11th Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance (METRIA) Conference? 11th Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance (METRIA) Conference held in Gresham, Oregon, August 23–24, 2000? METRIA (NCSU.edu)? METRIA? 23 ??????? 2010 ???? ?????? ??? ????????????????? 7 ???????? 2010 ???? ???????????? Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (??????)
↑ Yepsen? Roger (1994)? Apples? New York: W.W. Norton & Co.? ISBN 978-0-393-03690-9?
↑ "Puff the Magic Preservative: Lasting Crunch, but Less Scent"? The New York Times? 25 October 2006? 26 July 2017 ???? ???????????? Archived from the original on 3 August 2011?
↑ Nutrition Facts, Apples, raw, with skin [Includes USDA commodity food A343 Nutrition Facts & Calories]? Nutritiondata.com? 28 December 2012 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 3 January 2013 ???? ????????????
↑ Apple Varietals? 2 July 2017 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 7 December 2017 ???? ????????????
↑ "Proximate Composition of the Apple Seed and Characterization of Its Oil" (2007). International Journal of Food Engineering 3 (5). doi:10.2202/1556-3758.1283.
↑ "Cancer chemopreventive potential of apples, apple juice, and apple components" (2008). Planta Medica 74 (13): 1608–24. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1088300. PMID 18855307.

[1] Dickson? Elizabeth E. (2014)? "Malus pumila"? in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.)? Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)? 9? New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA ???????? |mode=CS1 (??????)

[2] Wendy L. Applequist (2014)? "Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 66: (1933). To conserve Malus domestica Borkh. against M. pumila Miller, M. communis Desf., M. frutescens Medik., and Pyrus dioica Moench (Rosaceae). Proposed by G.-Z. Qian, L.-F. Liu & G.-G. Tang in Taxon 59(2): 650–652. 2010. Votes: 6–11–1 (not recommended)"? Taxon? 63 (6): 1358–1371? doi:10.12705/636.20

[faostat-3] ?.? ^?.? ^?.? Apple production in 2017; Crops/World Regions/Production Quantity? FAOSTAT, UN Food & Agriculture Organization, Statistics Division (2017)? 15 January 2019 ???? ????????????

[4] Types and names of Apple Trees, Species of the Malus Genus? Treenames.net? 25 August 2014 ???? ????????????

[Elzebroek-5] Elzebroek? A.T.G.; Wind, K. (2008)? Guide to Cultivated Plants? Wallingford: CAB International? p. 27? ISBN 978-1-84593-356-2?

[England-6] Apple – Malus domestica? Natural England? 12 May 2008 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 22 January 2008 ???? ????????????

[7] National Fruit Collection? 15 June 2012 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 2 December 2012 ???? ????????????

[8] Ranney? Thomas G.? "Polyploidy: From Evolution to Landscape Plant Improvement"? Proceedings of the 11th Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance (METRIA) Conference? 11th Metropolitan Tree Improvement Alliance (METRIA) Conference held in Gresham, Oregon, August 23–24, 2000? METRIA (NCSU.edu)? METRIA? 23 ??????? 2010 ???? ?????? ??? ????????????????? 7 ???????? 2010 ???? ???????????? Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (??????)

[Yepsen_1994-9] Yepsen? Roger (1994)? Apples? New York: W.W. Norton & Co.? ISBN 978-0-393-03690-9?

[10] "Puff the Magic Preservative: Lasting Crunch, but Less Scent"? The New York Times? 25 October 2006? 26 July 2017 ???? ???????????? Archived from the original on 3 August 2011?

[11] Nutrition Facts, Apples, raw, with skin [Includes USDA commodity food A343 Nutrition Facts & Calories]? Nutritiondata.com? 28 December 2012 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 3 January 2013 ???? ????????????

[applefood-12] Apple Varietals? 2 July 2017 ???? ????????? ????????????????? 7 December 2017 ???? ????????????

[13] "Proximate Composition of the Apple Seed and Characterization of Its Oil" (2007). International Journal of Food Engineering 3 (5). doi:10.2202/1556-3758.1283.

[14] "Cancer chemopreventive potential of apples, apple juice, and apple components" (2008). Planta Medica 74 (13): 1608–24. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1088300. PMID 18855307.

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???????

????

??????????
?????????????????????
????:	Plantae
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
????????:	Rosales
?????????:	Rosaceae
????????????:	Malinae
???????:	Malus
?????????:	M. pumila
??????
*Malus pumila* Miller, 1768
Synonyms^[?]^[?]
Malus communis Desf. Malus domestica Borkh. nom. illeg. M. frutescens Medik. M. paradisiaca (L.) Medikus M. sylvestris Mil. Pyrus malus L. Pyrus malus var. paradisiaca L. Pyrus dioica Moench